Simple Machine (Pesawat Sederhana)

Simple Machine

Simple Machine is a simple tool used to facilitate human undertaking.
Simple Machine based on the principle of works can be divided into: lever / levers, inclined planes, pulleys and wheels pivot / wheel bergandar. Simple plane has mechanical advantage gained from the comparison between the load force with force so lighten human labor power. For more details, let us discuss one by one.

a. Lever / lever
Lever / lever serves to pry, pull or lift heavy objects.The parts levers:

   A      = power point
   T       = the fulcrum
   B       = point load
   F       = force power (N)
   w      = load force (N)
   lk      = power arm (m)
   lb      = arm load (m)

The types of lever:
1) The first type of lever
    That lever with the fulcrum is between the load point and power points.

   
Example: nail clippers, scissors, clamps clothespins, forceps

2) The second type lever
  That lever with a point load is between the fulcrum and the point of power.

 Example: a wheeled cart, paper cutting tools, and pecan-breaking tool, corkscrew.

3) The third type lever
That is the power lever to the point is between the fulcrum and the load point.
Example: shovel used to move the sand.

Advantage Mechanical lever

Lever mechanical advantage is the ratio between the force load (w) in the style of the (F), can be written as: KM = w / F or KM = lk / lb, Mechanical advantage in the lever depends on each arm. The longer the arm of his power, the greater the mechanical advantage.

b. Sloping Field
Inclined plane is one of the simplest types of aircraft used to move objects with a sloping path.

Mechanical advantage of the incline

      Mechanical advantage of the incline depends on runway length and height of the incline. The smaller the angle of the field, the greater the mechanical advantage or power of the smaller force that must be done.

      Mechanical advantage of the incline defined by the ratio between the length (l) and high incline (h).
KM = l / h
Utilization of the incline in daily life are on the stairs and roads in mountainous areas.

c. Pulley
Pulley is a wheel that rotates on its axis. Usually there is also a rope on a pulley or a connecting chain. Based on how it works, because the pulley is a kind of lever has the fulcrum, power, and weight. Pulleys are classified into three, namely fixed pulley, the pulley free, and compound pulley.

1) fixed Pulleys

Fixed pulley is a pulley whose position does not move during use. Pulleys are typically installed in a particular place. Example: The pulley is used on the flag pole and the well bucket
Mechanical advantage
In the fixed pulley, long sleeves with arm power so that the load on a pulley fixed mechanical advantage is 1, meaning that the power of force equal to the force load.

2) free Pulleys

Unlike the fixed pulley, the pulley pulley free standing or position change and not installed in a particular place. Pulleys are typically placed on a rope whose position can be changed. One end of the rope tied to a particular place. If the other end pulled the pulley will move. Pulleys of this type can be found on the tools lifting containers at the port.

Mechanical Advantage

      In the free pulley, power arm length equal to twice the length of the arm so that the load on a pulley fixed mechanical advantage is 2, meaning that the power of force equal to half of the load force..

3) compound pulley / pulley block

Compound pulley is a combination of the fixed pulley and pulley free. Both are connected by a rope pulley. In the compound pulley, the pulley attached to the load-free. One end of the rope attached to a pulley fixed cross section. If the other end of the rope is pulled then the burden will be lifted with a pulley moves freely upward.

Mechanical Advantage

     Mechanical advantage compound pulley is a rope used to lift the load.

d. Wheel pivot / wheel bergandar
    
 Wheels are wheels that pivot connected to a shaft that can rotate together. Wheel pivot is one     of the simple plane found in many devices such as steering wheel, steering the ship, bicycle wheel, vehicle wheel, and grinding.

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